#SUPER STRAIN GONORRHEA 2014 FREE#

Within 3 years, 0.4 % of infections showed resistance, and the number did not drop until doctors increased the dosage of antibiotics. 2 Recently, the World Health Organization declared gonorrhea a “global concern” and doctors are labelling super gonorrhea a “superbug.” 4 In 2008, 0.1 % of the 820,000 new infections showed some resistance to ceftriaxone, the last effective drug against gonorrhea. While this type of transmission is highly unlikely in the United States, resistant strains have popped up in England, Japan, and Canada, and there have been scares in US territories like Hawaii and Puerto Rico.

#SUPER STRAIN GONORRHEA 2014 FREE#

Often, gonorrhea is asymptomatic (doesn’t show symptoms), so there are many cases of individuals who receive a positive gonorrhea test, receive treatment, and present as symptom free while still actively transmitting the infection to new sexual partners. One major issue with treating and reevaluating gonorrhea is that it becomes the patients responsibility to notice lingering symptoms and go back to the doctor. 3 Because of this, CDC physicians recommend that doctors re-evaluate patients for treatment failure by repeating the NAAT, making sure to obtain a culture and performing antibiotic susceptibility testing. However, DNA testing, or more specifically Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT), is much cheaper and less work intensive. It involves growing the bacteria directly in the lab and then exposing it to controlled amounts of the antibiotics, which allows for precision and accuracy when determining its resistance. 3 Culture testing, while slow, is incredibly effective at figuring out which antibiotics a given strain of super gonorrhea is resistant to. Unfortunately, this has become a major challenge in monitoring the ever-changing antimicrobial resistance of the gonorrhea bacteria. 2 Doctors use the DNA test for both the sake of convenience and the fact that that many laboratories simply lack the technology necessary for antibiotic susceptibility testing. This second method uses a culture that determines which antibiotics the specific strain of infection is susceptible to. 3Ĭlinicians have two tests to diagnose for gonorrhea: a simple DNA test, or a more complex antibiotic susceptibility test. gonnorhoeae developing resistant to any cephalosporin.

The use of two antibiotics is encouraged to address the emergence of N. 2 Currently, the CDC’s STD Treatment Guidelines now suggests only one regiment of injectable ceftriaxone along with oral azithromycin. 3 In 2007, oral medication began to fail, and in 2010, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommended ceftriaxone, a potent cephalosporin to be administered via injection along with an orally administered treatment azithromycin as the only possible treatment to address resistant strains of gonorrhea. By 2002, only one class of antibiotics, cephalosporins, was able to treat the infection via oral medication or an injection. In 1983, scientists isolated strains of the bacterium resistant not only to penicillin but also to other heavy duty antibiotics (e.g., tetracycline, spectinomycin, and fluoroquinolones). However, because bacteria constantly adapt to outcompete their surroundings, sulfa drugs stopped working around the 1940s, and doctors began to prescribe penicillin.2 By the late 1960s, gonorrhea had mutated into a strain that could break down penicillin, which was the first indication that the bacteria would continue evolving into different, more resistant strains.

When sulfa drugs (a mild antibiotic) were discovered as an effective treatment for super gonorrhea, gonorrhea was considered a very mild ailment with few consequences. This antibiotic-resistant strain of Neisseria gonnorrhoeae, the bacteria that is responsible for gonorrhea, has been given a name: Super Gonorrhea. 1 Usually, gonorrhea can be easily treated with a course of antibiotics, but in the last few decades, mutations in the genetic material of the bacteria have given way to an ever growing list of antibiotics that are rendered ineffective. Symptoms include painful urination, soreness, bleeding, and unusual discharge. Gonorrhea is transmitted through vaginal, anal, and oral sex, and can also be spread from mother to child during labor. It often results in infections of the genitals, rectum, and throat, and most commonly afflicts within sexually active people between the ages of 15 to 24. Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can affect both males and females. Gonorrhea and the Discovery of Super Gonorrhea Gonorrhea and the Discovery of Super Gonorrhea.

Super strain gonorrhea 2014